ABSTRACT
Aims@#To evaluate the anti-leptospiral activity of Canarium odontophyllum leaves against Leptospira interrogans serovar Bataviae and Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Javanica. @*Methodology and results@#The extracts (hexane, acetone, methanol and aqueous) used in this study were tested at concentration ranging from 0.049 mg/mL to 25 mg/mL using broth microdilution method. Percentage inhibition (%) was obtained through OD reading at 400 nm. Only methanol extract was incubated with Leptospira to observe population changes under dark field microscope prior to subjected for DNA damaging studies through gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA. Methanol extract showed the highest percentage inhibition of 66% against L.interrogans serovar Bataviae and 74% against L. borgpetersenii serovar Javanica. The IC50 value of methanol extract was 4.60 mg/mL and 2.25 mg/mL against serovar Bataviae and serovar Javanica, respectively. Both Leptospira culture which was treated with IC50 value of methanol extract showed drastic decrease in population compared to untreated Leptospira for both serovar. There was no DNA damage towards serovar Bataviae. However, serovar Javanica exhibited DNA damage as observed from the presence of DNA fragmentation on the gel electrophoresis. @*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#These findings confirmed that methanol leaves extract from of Canarium odontophyllum has a potential to control leptospirosis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To determine ex vivo antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity of endophytic Streptomyces SUK 08 as well as the main core structure fractionated from its crude extract. Methods The activities of SUK 08 crude extract were evaluated by using the Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase assay and synchronization test against rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei, instead of human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The cytotoxicity of the crude extract was determined by MTT assay. The crude extract was analyzed by thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry. Results The ethyl acetate crude extract showed very promising antimalarial activity with IC
ABSTRACT
A descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Blastocystis hominis in children aged between 1-12 years old from randomly selected villages in Alor Gajah district Melaka. The sampling was carried out from 1st to 7th of July of 2006. A total of 48 faecal samples were obtained from the children in those studied villages. The faecal specimens were examined by direct saline wet moun, formalin ethyl acetate concentration and trichrome staining method. It was found that 45.8% (22 out of 48) of the examined children were infected with Blastocystis hominis . Based on the results, the cumulative prevalence of three methods used showed that Blastocystis hominis infection in female children higher compared to male children. Whilst the schooling children aged of 6 to 12 years had a higher prevalence than pre school children at the age of 1-5 years. In term of diagnosis, formalin ethyl acetate concentration method showed prevalence of detection at 60.9%. It was followed by direct saline wet mount (43.5%) and trichrome staining at 34.8%.